Steerable laser probe

ABSTRACT

A steerable laser probe may include a handle having a handle distal end and a handle proximal end, an actuation structure of the handle, a flexible housing tube having a flexible housing tube distal end and a flexible housing tube proximal end, and an optic fiber disposed within an inner bore of the handle and the flexible housing tube. A compression of the actuation structure may cause the optic fiber to gradually curve. A decompression of the actuation structure may cause the optic fiber to gradually straighten.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No.13/893,701, filed May 14, 2013.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument, and, moreparticularly, to a steerable laser probe.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A wide variety of ophthalmic procedures require a laser energy source.For example, ophthalmic surgeons may use laser photocoagulation to treatproliferative retinopathy. Proliferative retinopathy is a conditioncharacterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels in the retinathat grow into the vitreous humor. Ophthalmic surgeons may treat thiscondition by energizing a laser to cauterize portions of the retina toprevent the abnormal blood vessels from growing and hemorrhaging.

In order to increase the chances of a successful laser photocoagulationprocedure, it is important that a surgeon is able aim the laser at aplurality of targets within the eye, e.g., by guiding or moving thelaser from a first target to a second target within the eye. It is alsoimportant that the surgeon is able to easily control a movement of thelaser. For example, the surgeon must be able to easily direct a laserbeam by steering the beam to a first position aimed at a first target,guide the laser beam from the first position to a second position aimedat a second target, and hold the laser beam in the second position.Accordingly, there is a need for a surgical laser probe that can beeasily guided to a plurality of targets within the eye.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure presents a steerable laser probe. In one or moreembodiments, a steerable laser probe may comprise a handle having ahandle distal end and a handle proximal end, an actuation structure ofthe handle, a flexible housing tube having a flexible housing tubedistal end and a flexible housing tube proximal end, and an optic fiberdisposed within an inner bore of the handle and the flexible housingtube. Illustratively, a compression of the actuation structure may beconfigured to gradually curve the flexible housing tube. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual curving of the flexible housing tube may beconfigured to gradually curve the optic fiber. Illustratively, adecompression of the actuation structure may be configured to graduallystraighten the flexible housing tube. In one or more embodiments, agradual straightening of the flexible housing tube may be configured togradually straighten the optic fiber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and further advantages of the present invention may be betterunderstood by referring to the following description in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicateidentical or functionally similar elements:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating a handle;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asteerable laser probe assembly;

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E illustrate a gradual curving of an opticfiber;

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E illustrate a gradual straightening of anoptic fiber;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams illustrating a handle;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asteerable laser probe assembly;

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E illustrate a gradual curving of an opticfiber;

FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E illustrate a gradual straightening of anoptic fiber.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT

FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating a handle 100. FIG.1A illustrates a top view of handle 100. In one or more embodiments,handle 100 may comprise a handle distal end 101, a handle proximal end102, a handle base 110, and an actuation structure 120. Illustratively,actuation structure 120 may comprise an actuation structure distal end121 and an actuation structure proximal end 122. In one or moreembodiments, actuation structure 120 may comprise a plurality ofactuation arms 125. Illustratively, each actuation arm 125 may compriseat least one extension mechanism 126. In one or more embodiments,actuation structure 120 may comprise a shape memory material configuredto project actuation structure distal end 121 a first distance fromactuation structure proximal end 122, e.g., when actuation structure 120is fully decompressed. Illustratively, actuation structure 120 maycomprise a shape memory material configured to project actuationstructure distal end 121 a second distance from actuation structureproximal end 122, e.g., when actuation structure 120 is fullycompressed. In one or more embodiments, the second distance fromactuation structure proximal end 122 may be greater than the firstdistance from actuation structure proximal end 122. Actuation structure120 may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers,metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitablematerials.

Illustratively, actuation structure 120 may be compressed by anapplication of a compressive force to actuation structure 120. In one ormore embodiments, actuation structure 120 may be compressed by anapplication of one or more compressive forces located at one or morelocations around an outer perimeter of actuation structure 120.Illustratively, the one or more locations may comprise any of aplurality of locations around the outer perimeter of actuation structure120. For example, a surgeon may compress actuation structure 120 bysqueezing actuation structure 120. Illustratively, the surgeon maycompress actuation structure 120 by squeezing actuation structure 120 atany particular location of a plurality of locations around an outerperimeter of actuation structure 120. For example, a surgeon may rotatehandle 100 and compress actuation structure 120 from any rotationalposition of a plurality of rotational positions of handle 100.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 120 may be compressed byan application of a compressive force to any one or more of theplurality of actuation arms 125. Illustratively, each actuation arm 125may be configured to actuate independently. In one or more embodiments,each actuation arm 125 may be connected to one or more of the pluralityof actuation arms 125 wherein an actuation of a particular actuation arm125 may be configured to actuate every actuation arm 125 of theplurality of actuation arms 125. Illustratively, one or more actuationarms 125 may be configured to actuate in pairs or groups. For example,an actuation of a first actuation arm 125 may be configured to actuate asecond actuation arm 125.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120,e.g., due to an application of a compressive force to a particularactuation arm 125, may be configured to actuate the particular actuationarm 125. Illustratively, an actuation of the particular actuation arm125 may be configured to actuate every actuation arm 125 of theplurality of actuation arms 125. In one or more embodiments, anapplication of a compressive force to a particular actuation arm 125 maybe configured to extend at least one extension mechanism 126 of theparticular actuation arm 125. Illustratively, a particular actuation arm125 may be configured to extend a first length from handle base 110. Anextension of an extension mechanism 126 of the particular actuation arm125, e.g., due to an application of a compressive force to theparticular actuation arm 125, may be configured to extend the particularactuation arm 125 a second length from handle base 110. Illustratively,the second length from handle base 110 may be greater than the firstlength from handle base 110.

In one or more embodiments, handle 100 may comprise an actuation ring130 fixed to actuation structure distal end 121. Illustratively, acompression of actuation structure 120 may be configured to graduallyextend actuation ring 130 from handle base 110. For example, actuationring 130 may be configured to extend a first distance from actuationstructure proximal end 122, e.g., when actuation structure 120 is fullydecompressed. Actuation ring 130 may be configured to extend a seconddistance from actuation structure proximal end 122, e.g., due to acompression of actuation structure 120. Illustratively, the seconddistance from actuation structure proximal end 122 may be greater thanthe first distance from actuation structure proximal end 122.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of handle 100. In one or moreembodiments, handle 100 may comprise an inner bore 140, an inner boreproximal taper 150, a piston tube housing 160, and a fixation mechanismhousing 170. Handle 100 may be manufactured from any suitable material,e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination ofsuitable materials.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asteerable laser probe assembly 200. In one or more embodiments,steerable laser probe assembly 200 may comprise a handle 100, a fixationmechanism 210, a nosecone fixation mechanism 215, a piston tube 220having a piston tube distal end 221 and a piston tube proximal end 222,an outer nosecone 230 having an outer nosecone distal end 231 and anouter nosecone proximal end 232, an inner nosecone 240 having an innernosecone distal end 241 and an inner nosecone proximal end 242, an opticfiber 250 having an optic fiber distal end 251 and an optic fiberproximal end 252, a flexible housing tube 260 having a flexible housingtube distal end 261 and a flexible housing tube proximal end 262, and alight source interface 270. Illustratively, light source interface 270may be configured to interface with optic fiber 250, e.g., at opticfiber proximal end 252. In one or more embodiments, light sourceinterface 270 may comprise a standard light source connecter, e.g., anSMA connector.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of piston tube 220 may be disposedwithin piston tube housing 160, e.g., piston tube proximal end 222 maybe disposed within piston tube housing 160. Illustratively, piston tube220 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g., piston tube distal end 221may be fixed to outer nosecone proximal end 232. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of piston tube 220 may be disposed within aportion of outer nosecone 230, e.g., piston tube distal end 221 may bedisposed within outer nosecone 230. Illustratively, a portion of pistontube 220 may be disposed within a portion of outer nosecone 230 whereinpiston tube 220 is fixed to outer nosecone 230. In one or moreembodiments, piston tube 220 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g.,by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, pistontube 220 and outer nosecone 230 may be manufactured as a single unit.Piston tube 220 and outer nosecone 230 may be manufactured from anysuitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or fromany combination of suitable materials.

Illustratively, inner nosecone 240 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230,e.g., inner nosecone proximal end 242 may be fixed to outer noseconedistal end 231. In one or more embodiments, a portion of inner nosecone240 may be disposed within a portion of outer nosecone 230, e.g., innernosecone proximal end 242 may be disposed within outer nosecone 230.Illustratively, a portion of inner nosecone 240 may be disposed within aportion of outer nosecone 230 wherein inner nosecone 240 is fixed toouter nosecone 230. In one or more embodiments, inner nosecone 240 maybe fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitablefixation means. Illustratively, nosecone fixation mechanism 215 may beconfigured to fix inner nosecone 240 to outer nosecone 230. For example,nosecone fixation mechanism 215 may comprise a set screw configured tofirmly attach inner nosecone 240 to outer nosecone 230. In one or moreembodiments, inner nosecone 240 and outer nosecone 230 may bemanufactured as a single unit Inner nosecone 240 and outer nosecone 230may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals,metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

Illustratively, outer nosecone 230 may be fixed to actuation structure120, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end 232 may be fixed to handle distalend 101. In one or more embodiments, a portion of outer nosecone 230 maybe disposed within actuation ring 130, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end232 may be disposed within actuation ring 130. Illustratively, a portionof outer nosecone 230 may be disposed within actuation ring 130 whereinouter nosecone 230 is fixed to actuation ring 130. In one or moreembodiments, outer nosecone 230 may be fixed to actuation structure 120,e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.

Illustratively, a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed toinner nosecone 240, e.g., flexible housing tube proximal end 262 may befixed to inner nosecone distal end 241. In one or more embodiments, aportion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed to inner nosecone 240,e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, aportion of flexible housing tube 260 may be disposed within a portion ofinner nosecone 240, e.g., flexible housing tube proximal end 262 may bedisposed within a portion of inner nosecone 240. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed withininner nosecone 240, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.Flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from any suitablematerial, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from anycombination of suitable materials. Illustratively, flexible housing tube260 may comprise a shape memory material, e.g., Nitinol. In one or moreembodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from amaterial having an ultimate tensile strength between 700 and 1000 MPa.Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from amaterial having ultimate tensile strength less than 700 MPa or greaterthan 1000 MPa. In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 maybe manufactured from a material having a modulus of elasticity between30 and 80 GPa. Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may bemanufactured from a material having a modulus of elasticity less than 30GPa or greater than 80 GPa.

In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may bemanufactured with dimensions suitable for performing microsurgicalprocedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. Illustratively,flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured at gauge sizes commonlyused in ophthalmic surgical procedures, e.g., 23 gauge, 25 gauge, etc.In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may be configuredto be inserted in a cannula, e.g., a cannula used during an ophthalmicsurgical procedure. For example, one or more properties of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be optimized to reduce friction as flexible housingtube 260 is inserted into a cannula. In one or more embodiments, one ormore properties of flexible housing tube 260 may be optimized to reducefriction as flexible housing tube 260 is removed from a cannula.Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may have an ultimate tensilestrength between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa. In one or more embodiments,flexible housing tube 260 may have an ultimate tensile strength lessthan 1000 MPa or greater than 1100 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be disposed within innerbore 140, fixation mechanism housing 170, piston tube housing 160,piston tube 220, outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexiblehousing tube 260. Illustratively, optic fiber 250 may be disposed withinflexible housing tube 260 wherein optic fiber distal end 251 is adjacentto flexible housing tube distal end 261. In one or more embodiments, aportion of optic fiber 250 may be fixed to a portion of flexible housingtube 260, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.Illustratively, fixation mechanism 210 may be disposed within fixationmechanism housing 170. In one or more embodiments, fixation mechanism210 may be configured to fix a portion of optic fiber 250 in a positionrelative to handle base 110. Illustratively, fixation mechanism 210 maycomprise a set screw configured to fix a portion of optic fiber 250 in aposition relative to handle base 110, e.g., by a press fit or anysuitable fixation means. In one or more embodiments, a portion of opticfiber 250 may be fixed to a portion of fixation mechanism 210, e.g., byan adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, optic fiber250 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base 110 and fixed toa portion of flexible housing tube 260.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 maybe configured to extend actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximalend 102. Illustratively, an extension of actuation ring 130 relative tohandle proximal end 102 may be configured to extend piston tube 220,outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexible housing tube 260relative to handle proximal end 102. In one or more embodiments, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end102 may be configured to extend flexible housing tube 260 relative tooptic fiber 250. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure120 may be configured to extend flexible housing tube 260 relative tooptic fiber 250. In one or more embodiments, a portion of optic fiber250 may be configured to resist an extension of flexible housing tube260, e.g., a portion of optic fiber 250 that is fixed to flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to resist an extension of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end 102. Illustratively, asflexible housing tube 260 is extended relative to optic fiber 250, e.g.,due to a compression of actuation structure 120, optic fiber 250 may beconfigured to provide a resistive force, e.g., to resist an extension ofa portion of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, as flexible housing tube 260 isextended relative to handle proximal end 102, optic fiber 250 may beconfigured to apply a compressive force to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. Illustratively, an application of a compressive or a resistiveforce to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured tocompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of a portion of flexible housing tube 260 maybe configured to cause flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.Illustratively, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 maybe configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250. Illustratively, acompression of actuation structure 120 may be configured to curve opticfiber 250 wherein a line tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 and aline tangent to optic fiber proximal end 252 may intersect at a curvedoptic fiber angle. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 120 may be configured to curve flexible housing tube260 wherein a line tangent to flexible housing tube distal end 261 mayintersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at acurved flexible housing tube angle. Illustratively, a particularcompression of actuation structure 120 may be configured to cause thecurved optic fiber angle and the curved flexible housing tube angle tobe equal, e.g., when optic fiber 250 is fixed to flexible housing tube260 at a single fixation point. In one or more embodiments, a particularcompression of actuation structure 120 may be configured to cause thecurved optic fiber angle to be no more than 1.0 degrees less than thecurved flexible housing tube angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 is fixedto flexible housing tube 260 at a single fixation point. Illustratively,optic fiber 250 may comprise a majority of the area inside flexiblehousing tube 260.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 120may be configured to retract actuation ring 130 relative to handleproximal end 102. Illustratively, a retraction of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to retract pistontube 220, outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexible housingtube 260 relative to handle proximal end 102. In one or moreembodiments, a refraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative tohandle proximal end 102 may be configured to retract flexible housingtube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 120 may be configured to retract flexible housingtube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. In one or more embodiments, aportion of optic fiber 250 may be configured to facilitate a retractionof flexible housing tube 260, e.g., a portion of optic fiber 250 that isfixed to flexible housing tube 260 may be configured to facilitate aretraction of a portion of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handleproximal end 102. Illustratively, as flexible housing tube 260 isretracted relative to optic fiber 250, e.g., due to a decompression ofactuation structure 120, optic fiber 250 may be configured to reduce aresistive force, e.g., to facilitate a retraction of flexible housingtube 260 relative to handle proximal end 102. In one or moreembodiments, as flexible housing tube 260 is refracted relative tohandle proximal end 102, optic fiber 250 may be configured to reduce acompressive force applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260.Illustratively, a reduction of a compressive or a resistive forceapplied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured todecompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, a decompression of a portion of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to cause flexible housing tube 260 to graduallystraighten. Illustratively, a gradual straightening of flexible housingtube 260 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 120may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to straighten optic fiber 250 wherein a line tangent to opticfiber distal end 251 and a line tangent to optic fiber proximal end 252may intersect at a straightened optic fiber angle. In one or moreembodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to straighten flexible housing tube 260 wherein a linetangent to flexible housing tube distal end 261 may intersect a linetangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at a straightenedflexible housing tube angle. Illustratively, a particular decompressionof actuation structure 120 may be configured to cause the straightenedoptic fiber angle and the straightened flexible housing tube angle to beequal, e.g., when optic fiber 250 is fixed to flexible housing tube 260at a single fixation point. In one or more embodiments, a particulardecompression of actuation structure 120 may be configured to cause thestraightened optic fiber angle to be no more than 1.0 degrees less thanthe straightened flexible housing tube angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250is fixed to flexible housing tube 260 at a single fixation point.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E illustrate a gradual curving of an opticfiber 250. FIG. 3A illustrates a straight optic fiber 300. In one ormore embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise a straight optic fiber300, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is fully refracted relative tohandle proximal end 102. Illustratively, optic fiber 250 may comprise astraight optic fiber 300, e.g., when actuation structure 120 is fullydecompressed. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise astraight optic fiber 300, e.g., when actuation ring 130 is fullyretracted relative to handle proximal end 102. Illustratively, a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250comprises a straight optic fiber 300.

FIG. 3B illustrates an optic fiber in a first curved position 310. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from a straight opticfiber 300 to an optic fiber in a first curved position 310.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to apply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to resist an extension of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anapplication of a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to compress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from a straightoptic fiber 300 to an optic fiber in a first curved position 310.Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 mayintersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at afirst angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in afirst curved position 310. In one or more embodiments, the first anglemay comprise any angle greater than zero degrees. For example, the firstangle may comprise a 45 degree angle.

FIG. 3C illustrates an optic fiber in a second curved position 320. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in afirst curved position 310 to an optic fiber in a second curved position320. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to apply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to resist an extension of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anapplication of a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to compress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiberin a first curved position 310 to an optic fiber in a second curvedposition 320. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end251 may intersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end262 at a second angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an opticfiber in a second curved position 320. In one or more embodiments, thesecond angle may comprise any angle greater than the first angle. Forexample, the second angle may comprise a 90 degree angle.

FIG. 3D illustrates an optic fiber in a third curved position 330. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in asecond curved position 320 to an optic fiber in a third curved position330. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to apply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to resist an extension of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anapplication of a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to compress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiberin a second curved position 320 to an optic fiber in a third curvedposition 330. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end251 may intersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end262 at a third angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an opticfiber in a third curved position 330. In one or more embodiments, thethird angle may comprise any angle greater than the second angle. Forexample, the third angle may comprise a 135 degree angle.

FIG. 3E illustrates an optic fiber in a fourth curved position 340. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in athird curved position 330 to an optic fiber in a fourth curved position340. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to apply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to resist an extension of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, anapplication of a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to compress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiberin a third curved position 330 to an optic fiber in a fourth curvedposition 340. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end251 may be parallel to a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximalend 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in a fourthcurved position 340.

In one or more embodiments, one or more properties of a steerable laserprobe may be adjusted to attain one or more desired steerable laserprobe features. For example, a length that flexible housing tube distalend 261 extends from inner nosecone distal end 241 may be adjusted tovary an amount of compression of actuation structure 120 configured tocurve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curved position. In oneor more embodiments, a stiffness of flexible housing tube 260 may beadjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuation structure 120configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curvedposition. Illustratively, a material comprising flexible housing tube260 may be adjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuationstructure 120 configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to aparticular curved position. In one or more embodiments, a stiffness offlexible housing tube 260 may be adjusted to vary a bend radius offlexible housing tube 260. For example, a stiffness of flexible housingtube 260 may be adjusted to vary a radius of curvature of flexiblehousing tube 260, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is in aparticular curved position.

Illustratively, a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241 extendsfrom outer nosecone distal end 231 may be adjusted to vary an amount ofcompression of actuation structure 120 configured to curve flexiblehousing tube 260 to a particular curved position. For example, an amountof compression of actuation structure 120 configured to curve flexiblehousing tube 260 to a particular curved position may be reduced, e.g.,by increasing a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241 extends fromouter nosecone distal end 231. In one or more embodiments, an amount ofcompression of actuation structure 120 configured to curve flexiblehousing tube 260 to a particular curved position may be increased, e.g.,by decreasing a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241 extends fromouter nosecone distal end 231. Illustratively, a steerable laser probemay comprise a mechanism configured to allow a surgeon or a surgeon'sassistant to adjust a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241extends from outer nosecone distal end 231. For example, a mechanism maybe configured to expand or collapse a portion of nosecone fixationmechanism 215. In one or more embodiments, an expansion of a portion ofnosecone fixation mechanism 215 may be configured to increase a distancethat inner nosecone distal end 241 extends from outer nosecone distalend 231. Illustratively, a collapse of a portion of nosecone fixationmechanism 215 may be configured to decrease a distance that innernosecone distal end 241 extends from outer nosecone distal end 231.

In one or more embodiments, a geometry of actuation structure 120 may beadjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuation structure 120configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curvedposition. Illustratively, one or more locations within flexible housingtube 260 wherein optic fiber 250 may be fixed to an inner portion offlexible housing tube 260 may be adjusted to vary an amount ofcompression of actuation structure 120 configured to curve flexiblehousing tube 260 to a particular curved position. In one or moreembodiments, at least a portion of optic fiber 250 may be enclosed in anoptic fiber sleeve configured to, e.g., protect optic fiber 250, vary astiffness of optic fiber 250, vary an optical property of optic fiber250, etc.

Illustratively, an optic fiber sleeve may be configured to compress aportion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, an optic fiber sleevemay enclose a portion of optic fiber 250 and the optic fiber sleeve maybe fixed in a position relative to handle base 110, e.g., fixationmechanism 210 may be configured to fix the optic fiber sleeve in aposition relative to handle base 110. Illustratively, a portion of theoptic fiber sleeve may be fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube260, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of actuation structure 120 may be configuredto extend flexible housing tube 260 relative to an optic fiber sleeve.Illustratively, an extension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to anoptic fiber sleeve may be configured to cause the optic fiber sleeve toapply a force, e.g., a compressive force, to a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.In one or more embodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube260 may be configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250.

Illustratively, a steerable laser probe may be configured to indicate,e.g., to a surgeon, a direction that optic fiber 250 may curve, e.g.,due to a compression of actuation structure 120. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of a steerable laser probe, e.g., handle 100, maybe marked in a manner configured to indicate a direction that opticfiber 250 may curve. For example, a portion of flexible housing tube 260may comprise a mark configured to indicate a direction that optic fiber250 may curve. Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may comprise aslight curve, e.g., a curve less than 7.5 degrees, when actuationstructure 120 is fully decompressed. In one or more embodiments,flexible housing tube 260 may comprise a slight curve configured toindicate a direction that optic fiber 250 may curve, e.g., due to acompression of actuation structure 120. Illustratively, a steerablelaser probe may comprise a mechanism configured to allow a surgeon or asurgeon's assistant to adjust a degree of a slight curve in flexiblehousing tube 260. For example, a steerable laser probe may comprise amechanism configured to expand or collapse nosecone fixation mechanism215.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E illustrate a gradual straightening of anoptic fiber 250. FIG. 4A illustrates a fully curved optic fiber 400. Inone or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise a fully curvedoptic fiber 400, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is fully extendedrelative to optic fiber 250. For example, optic fiber 250 may comprise afully curved optic fiber 400 when actuation ring 130 is fully extendedrelative to handle proximal end 102. Illustratively, optic fiber 250 maycomprise a fully curved optic fiber 400, e.g., when a portion offlexible housing tube 260 is compressed. In one or more embodiments,optic fiber 250 may comprise a fully curved optic fiber 400, e.g., whenactuation structure 120 is fully compressed. Illustratively, a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250comprises a fully curved optic fiber 400.

FIG. 4B illustrates an optic fiber in a first partially straightenedposition 410. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 120 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from a fully curved optic fiber 400 to an optic fiber in a firstpartially straightened position 410. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 120 may be configured to retract actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102. In one or more embodiments, aretraction of actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end 102 maybe configured to retract flexible housing tube 260 relative to opticfiber 250. Illustratively, a refraction of flexible housing tube 260relative to optic fiber 250 may be configured to reduce a force appliedto a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or more embodiments,optic fiber 250 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base 110and optic fiber 250 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. For example, a portion of optic fiber 250 may be configured tofacilitate a retraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to opticfiber 250. Illustratively, a reduction of a force applied to a portionof flexible housing tube 260 may be configured to decompress a portionof flexible housing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 togradually straighten. In one or more embodiments, a gradualstraightening of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured togradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from a fully curved opticfiber 400 to an optic fiber in a first partially straightened position410. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 mayintersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at afirst partially straightened angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprisesan optic fiber in a first partially straightened position 410. In one ormore embodiments, the first partially straightened angle may compriseany angle less than 180 degrees. For example, the first partiallystraightened angle may comprise a 135 degree angle.

FIG. 4C illustrates an optic fiber in a second partially straightenedposition 420. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 120 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from an optic fiber in a first partially straightened position 410 to anoptic fiber in a second partially straightened position 420.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to retract actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, a retraction of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to retractflexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, aretraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to reduce a force applied to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to facilitate a retraction offlexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, areduction of a force applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to decompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one ormore embodiments, a gradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from anoptic fiber in a first partially straightened position 410 to an opticfiber in a second partially straightened position 420. Illustratively, aline tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may intersect a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at a second partiallystraightened angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiberin a second partially straightened position 420. In one or moreembodiments, the second partially straightened angle may comprise anyangle less than the first partially straightened angle. For example, thesecond partially straightened angle may comprise a 90 degree angle.

FIG. 4D illustrates an optic fiber in a third partially straightenedposition 430. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 120 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from an optic fiber in a second partially straightened position 420 toan optic fiber in a third partially straightened position 430.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 120 may beconfigured to retract actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end102. In one or more embodiments, a retraction of actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102 may be configured to retractflexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, aretraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250 maybe configured to reduce a force applied to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 110 and optic fiber 250 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof optic fiber 250 may be configured to facilitate a retraction offlexible housing tube 260 relative to optic fiber 250. Illustratively, areduction of a force applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to decompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one ormore embodiments, a gradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from anoptic fiber in a second partially straightened position 420 to an opticfiber in a third partially straightened position 430. Illustratively, aline tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may intersect a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at a third partiallystraightened angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiberin a third partially straightened position 430. In one or moreembodiments, the third partially straightened angle may comprise anyangle less than the second partially straightened angle. For example,the third partially straightened angle may comprise a 45 degree angle.

FIG. 4E illustrates an optic fiber in a fully straightened position 440.In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 120may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250 from an opticfiber in a third partially straightened position 430 to an optic fiberin a fully straightened position 440. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 120 may be configured to retract actuation ring 130relative to handle proximal end 102. In one or more embodiments, aretraction of actuation ring 130 relative to handle proximal end 102 maybe configured to retract flexible housing tube 260 relative to opticfiber 250. Illustratively, a retraction of flexible housing tube 260relative to optic fiber 250 may be configured to reduce a force appliedto a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or more embodiments,optic fiber 250 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base 110and optic fiber 250 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. For example, a portion of optic fiber 250 may be configured tofacilitate a retraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to opticfiber 250. Illustratively, a reduction of a force applied to a portionof flexible housing tube 260 may be configured to decompress a portionof flexible housing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 togradually straighten. In one or more embodiments, a gradualstraightening of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured togradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiber in athird partially straightened position 430 to an optic fiber in a fullystraightened position 440. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiberdistal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangent to flexible housingtube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an opticfiber in a fully straightened position 440.

Illustratively, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at any of aplurality of targets within an eye, e.g., to perform a photocoagulationprocedure. In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may aim optic fiberdistal end 251 at any target within a particular transverse plane of theinner eye by, e.g., rotating handle 100 to orient flexible housing tube260 in an orientation configured to cause a curvature of flexiblehousing tube 260 within the particular transverse plane of the inner eyeand varying an amount of compression of actuation structure 120.Illustratively, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at anytarget within a particular sagittal plane of the inner eye by, e.g.,rotating handle 100 to orient flexible housing tube 260 in anorientation configured to cause a curvature of flexible housing tube 260within the particular sagittal plane of the inner eye and varying anamount of compression of actuation structure 120. In one or moreembodiments, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at any targetwithin a particular frontal plane of the inner eye by, e.g., varying anamount of compression of actuation structure 120 to orient a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 wherein the line tangent to opticfiber distal end 251 is within the particular frontal plane of the innereye and rotating handle 100. Illustratively, a surgeon may aim opticfiber distal end 251 at any target located outside of the particulartransverse plane, the particular sagittal plane, and the particularfrontal plane of the inner eye, e.g., by varying a rotationalorientation of handle 100 and varying an amount of compression ofactuation structure 120. In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may aimoptic fiber distal end 251 at any target of a plurality of targetswithin an eye, e.g., without increasing a length of a portion of asteerable laser probe within the eye. Illustratively, a surgeon may aimoptic fiber distal end 251 at any target of a plurality of targetswithin an eye, e.g., without decreasing a length of a portion of asteerable laser probe within the eye.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams illustrating a handle 500. FIG.5A illustrates a top view of handle 500. In one or more embodiments,handle 500 may comprise a handle distal end 501, a handle proximal end502, a handle base 510, and an actuation structure 520. Illustratively,actuation structure 520 may comprise an actuation structure distal end521 and an actuation structure proximal end 522. In one or moreembodiments, actuation structure 520 may comprise a plurality ofactuation arms 525. Illustratively, each actuation arm 525 may compriseat least one extension mechanism 526. In one or more embodiments,actuation structure 520 may comprise a shape memory material configuredto project actuation structure distal end 521 a first distance fromactuation structure proximal end 522, e.g., when actuation structure 520is fully decompressed. Illustratively, actuation structure 520 maycomprise a shape memory material configured to project actuationstructure distal end 521 a second distance from actuation structureproximal end 522, e.g., when actuation structure 520 is fullycompressed. In one or more embodiments, the second distance fromactuation structure proximal end 522 may be greater than the firstdistance from actuation structure proximal end 522. Actuation structure520 may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers,metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitablematerials.

Illustratively, actuation structure 520 may be compressed by anapplication of a compressive force to actuation structure 520. In one ormore embodiments, actuation structure 520 may be compressed by anapplication of one or more compressive forces located at one or morelocations around an outer perimeter of actuation structure 520.Illustratively, the one or more locations may comprise any of aplurality of locations around the outer perimeter of actuation structure520. For example, a surgeon may compress actuation structure 520 bysqueezing actuation structure 520. Illustratively, the surgeon maycompress actuation structure 520 by squeezing actuation structure 520 atany particular location of a plurality of locations around an outerperimeter of actuation structure 520. For example, a surgeon may rotatehandle 500 and compress actuation structure 520 from any rotationalposition of a plurality of rotational positions of handle 500.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 520 may be compressed byan application of a compressive force to any one or more of theplurality of actuation arms 525. Illustratively, each actuation arm 525may be configured to actuate independently. In one or more embodiments,each actuation arm 525 may be connected to one or more of the pluralityof actuation arms 525 wherein an actuation of a particular actuation arm525 may be configured to actuate every actuation arm 525 of theplurality of actuation arms 525. Illustratively, one or more actuationarms 525 may be configured to actuate in pairs or groups. For example,an actuation of a first actuation arm 525 may be configured to actuate asecond actuation arm 525.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520,e.g., due to an application of a compressive force to a particularactuation arm 525, may be configured to actuate the particular actuationarm 525. Illustratively, an actuation of the particular actuation arm525 may be configured to actuate every actuation arm 525 of theplurality of actuation arms 525. In one or more embodiments, anapplication of a compressive force to a particular actuation arm 525 maybe configured to extend at least one extension mechanism 526 of theparticular actuation arm 525. Illustratively, a particular actuation arm525 may be configured to extend a first length from handle base 510. Anextension of an extension mechanism 526 of the particular actuation arm525, e.g., due to an application of a compressive force to theparticular actuation arm 525, may be configured to extend the particularactuation arm 525 a second length from handle base 510. Illustratively,the second length from handle base 510 may be greater than the firstlength from handle base 510.

In one or more embodiments, handle 500 may comprise an actuation ring530 fixed to actuation structure distal end 521. Illustratively, acompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to graduallyextend actuation ring 530 from handle base 510. For example, actuationring 530 may be configured to extend a first distance from actuationstructure proximal end 522, e.g., when actuation structure 520 is fullydecompressed. Actuation ring 530 may be configured to extend a seconddistance from actuation structure proximal end 522, e.g., due to acompression of actuation structure 520. Illustratively, the seconddistance from actuation structure proximal end 522 may be greater thanthe first distance from actuation structure proximal end 522.

FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of handle 500. In one or moreembodiments, handle 500 may comprise an inner bore 540, an inner boreproximal taper 550, a piston tube housing 560, and a fixation mechanismhousing 570. Handle 500 may be manufactured from any suitable material,e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination ofsuitable materials.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asteerable laser probe assembly 600. In one or more embodiments,steerable laser probe assembly 600 may comprise a handle 500, a fixationmechanism 610, a nosecone fixation mechanism 215, a piston tube 220having a piston tube distal end 221 and a piston tube proximal end 222,an outer nosecone 230 having an outer nosecone distal end 231 and anouter nosecone proximal end 232, an inner nosecone 240 having an innernosecone distal end 241 and an inner nosecone proximal end 242, an opticfiber 250 having an optic fiber distal end 251 and an optic fiberproximal end 252, a wire 620 having a wire distal end 621 and a wireproximal end 622, a flexible housing tube 260 having a flexible housingtube distal end 261 and a flexible housing tube proximal end 262, and alight source interface 270. Illustratively, light source interface 270may be configured to interface with optic fiber 250, e.g., at opticfiber proximal end 252. In one or more embodiments, light sourceinterface 270 may comprise a standard light source connecter, e.g., anSMA connector.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of piston tube 220 may be disposedwithin piston tube housing 560, e.g., piston tube proximal end 222 maybe disposed within piston tube housing 560. Illustratively, piston tube220 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g., piston tube distal end 221may be fixed to outer nosecone proximal end 232. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of piston tube 220 may be disposed within aportion of outer nosecone 230, e.g., piston tube distal end 221 may bedisposed within outer nosecone 230. Illustratively, a portion of pistontube 220 may be disposed within a portion of outer nosecone 230 whereinpiston tube 220 is fixed to outer nosecone 230. In one or moreembodiments, piston tube 220 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g.,by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, pistontube 220 and outer nosecone 230 may be manufactured as a single unit.Piston tube 220 and outer nosecone 230 may be manufactured from anysuitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or fromany combination of suitable materials.

Illustratively, inner nosecone 240 may be fixed to outer nosecone 230,e.g., inner nosecone proximal end 242 may be fixed to outer noseconedistal end 231. In one or more embodiments, a portion of inner nosecone240 may be disposed within a portion of outer nosecone 230, e.g., innernosecone proximal end 242 may be disposed within outer nosecone 230.Illustratively, a portion of inner nosecone 240 may be disposed within aportion of outer nosecone 230 wherein inner nosecone 240 is fixed toouter nosecone 230. In one or more embodiments, inner nosecone 240 maybe fixed to outer nosecone 230, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitablefixation means. Illustratively, nosecone fixation mechanism 215 may beconfigured to fix inner nosecone 240 to outer nosecone 230. For example,nosecone fixation mechanism 215 may comprise a set screw configured tofirmly attach inner nosecone 240 to outer nosecone 230. In one or moreembodiments, inner nosecone 240 and outer nosecone 230 may bemanufactured as a single unit Inner nosecone 240 and outer nosecone 230may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals,metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

Illustratively, outer nosecone 230 may be fixed to actuation structure520, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end 232 may be fixed to handle distalend 501. In one or more embodiments, a portion of outer nosecone 230 maybe disposed within actuation ring 530, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end232 may be disposed within actuation ring 530. Illustratively, a portionof outer nosecone 230 may be disposed within actuation ring 530 whereinouter nosecone 230 is fixed to actuation ring 530. In one or moreembodiments, outer nosecone 230 may be fixed to actuation structure 520,e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.

Illustratively, a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed toinner nosecone 240, e.g., flexible housing tube proximal end 262 may befixed to inner nosecone distal end 241. In one or more embodiments, aportion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed to inner nosecone 240,e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, aportion of flexible housing tube 260 may be disposed within a portion ofinner nosecone 240, e.g., flexible housing tube proximal end 262 may bedisposed within a portion of inner nosecone 240. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be fixed withininner nosecone 240, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.Flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from any suitablematerial, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from anycombination of suitable materials. Illustratively, flexible housing tube260 may comprise a shape memory material, e.g., Nitinol. In one or moreembodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from amaterial having an ultimate tensile strength between 700 and 1000 MPa.Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured from amaterial having ultimate tensile strength less than 700 MPa or greaterthan 1000 MPa. In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 maybe manufactured from a material having a modulus of elasticity between30 and 80 GPa. Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may bemanufactured from a material having a modulus of elasticity less than 30GPa or greater than 80 GPa.

In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may bemanufactured with dimensions suitable for performing microsurgicalprocedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. Illustratively,flexible housing tube 260 may be manufactured at gauge sizes commonlyused in ophthalmic surgical procedures, e.g., 23 gauge, 25 gauge, etc.In one or more embodiments, flexible housing tube 260 may be configuredto be inserted in a cannula, e.g., a cannula used during an ophthalmicsurgical procedure. For example, one or more properties of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be optimized to reduce friction as flexible housingtube 260 is inserted into a cannula. In one or more embodiments, one ormore properties of flexible housing tube 260 may be optimized to reducefriction as flexible housing tube 260 is removed from a cannula.Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may have an ultimate tensilestrength between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa. In one or more embodiments,flexible housing tube 260 may have an ultimate tensile strength lessthan 1000 MPa or greater than 1100 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may be disposed within innerbore 540, piston tube housing 560, piston tube 220, outer nosecone 230,inner nosecone 240, and flexible housing tube 260. Illustratively, opticfiber 250 may be disposed within flexible housing tube 260 wherein opticfiber distal end 251 is adjacent to flexible housing tube distal end261. In one or more embodiments, a portion of optic fiber 250 may befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260, e.g., by an adhesive orany suitable fixation means.

Illustratively, wire 620 may be disposed within fixation mechanismhousing 570, inner bore 540, piston tube housing 560, piston tube 220,outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexible housing tube 260.In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may be disposed within flexiblehousing tube 260 wherein wire distal end 621 is adjacent to flexiblehousing tube distal end 261. Illustratively, a portion of wire 620 maybe fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260, e.g., wire distalend 621 may be fixed to an inner portion of flexible housing tube 260.In one or more embodiments, a portion of wire 620 may be fixed to aportion of flexible housing tube 260, e.g., by an adhesive or anysuitable fixation means. Illustratively, fixation mechanism 610 may bedisposed within fixation mechanism housing 570. In one or moreembodiments, fixation mechanism 610 may be configured to fix a portionof wire 620 in a position relative to handle base 510, e.g., fixationmechanism 610 may be configured to fix wire proximal end 622 in aposition relative to handle base 510. Illustratively, fixation mechanism610 may comprise a set screw configured to fix a portion of wire 620 ina position relative to handle base 510, e.g., by a press fit or anysuitable fixation means. In one or more embodiments, a portion of wire620 may be fixed to a portion of fixation mechanism 610, e.g., by anadhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, wire 620 may befixed in a position relative to handle base 510 and fixed to a portionof flexible housing tube 260. Wire 620 may be manufactured from anysuitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or fromany combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 maybe configured to extend actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximalend 502. Illustratively, an extension of actuation ring 530 relative tohandle proximal end 502 may be configured to extend piston tube 220,outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexible housing tube 260relative to handle proximal end 502. In one or more embodiments, anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end502 may be configured to extend flexible housing tube 260 relative towire 620. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 520 maybe configured to extend flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.In one or more embodiments, a portion of wire 620 may be configured toresist an extension of flexible housing tube 260, e.g., a portion ofwire 620 that is fixed to flexible housing tube 260 may be configured toresist an extension of a portion of flexible housing tube 260 relativeto handle proximal end 502. Illustratively, as flexible housing tube 260is extended relative to wire 620, e.g., due to a compression ofactuation structure 520, wire 620 may be configured to provide aresistive force, e.g., to resist an extension of a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end 502. In one or moreembodiments, as flexible housing tube 260 is extended relative to handleproximal end 502, wire 620 may be configured to apply a compressiveforce to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. Illustratively, anapplication of a compressive or a resistive force to a portion offlexible housing tube 260 may be configured to compress a portion offlexible housing tube 260. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofa portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured to causeflexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve. Illustratively, a gradualcurving of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured to graduallycurve optic fiber 250.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 maybe configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250. Illustratively, acompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to curve opticfiber 250 wherein a line tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 and aline tangent to optic fiber proximal end 252 may intersect at a curvedoptic fiber angle. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 520 may be configured to curve flexible housing tube260 wherein a line tangent to flexible housing tube distal end 261 mayintersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at acurved flexible housing tube angle. Illustratively, a particularcompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to cause thecurved optic fiber angle and the curved flexible housing tube angle tobe equal, e.g., when wire 620 is fixed to flexible housing tube 260 at asingle fixation point. In one or more embodiments, a particularcompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to cause thecurved optic fiber angle to be no more than one degree less than thecurved flexible housing tube angle, e.g., when wire 620 is fixed toflexible housing tube 260 at a single fixation point. Illustratively, aparticular compression of actuation structure 520 may be configured tocause the curved optic fiber angle to be within a predetermined range oftolerance relative to the curved flexible housing tube angle. In one ormore embodiments, a particular compression of actuation structure 520may be configured to cause the curved optic fiber angle to be withinfive degrees of the curved flexible housing tube angle. Illustratively,optic fiber 250 may comprise a majority of the area inside flexiblehousing tube 260. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may comprise amajority of the area inside flexible housing tube 260. Illustratively,wire 620 and optic fiber 250 may comprise a majority of the area insideflexible housing tube 260.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 520may be configured to retract actuation ring 530 relative to handleproximal end 502. Illustratively, a retraction of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to retract pistontube 220, outer nosecone 230, inner nosecone 240, and flexible housingtube 260 relative to handle proximal end 502. In one or moreembodiments, a refraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative tohandle proximal end 502 may be configured to retract flexible housingtube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 520 may be configured to retract flexible housingtube 260 relative to wire 620. In one or more embodiments, a portion ofwire 620 may be configured to facilitate a retraction of flexiblehousing tube 260, e.g., a portion of wire 620 that is fixed to flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to facilitate a retraction of aportion of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handle proximal end502. Illustratively, as flexible housing tube 260 is retracted relativeto wire 620, e.g., due to a decompression of actuation structure 520,wire 620 may be configured to reduce a resistive force, e.g., tofacilitate a retraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to handleproximal end 502. In one or more embodiments, as flexible housing tube260 is retracted relative to handle proximal end 502, wire 620 may beconfigured to reduce a compressive force applied to a portion offlexible housing tube 260. Illustratively, a reduction of a compressiveor a resistive force applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260may be configured to decompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260.In one or more embodiments, a decompression of a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to cause flexible housing tube 260 togradually straighten. Illustratively, a gradual straightening offlexible housing tube 260 may be configured to gradually straightenoptic fiber 250.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 520may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to straighten optic fiber 250 wherein a line tangent to opticfiber distal end 251 and a line tangent to optic fiber proximal end 252may intersect at a straightened optic fiber angle. In one or moreembodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to straighten flexible housing tube 260 wherein a linetangent to flexible housing tube distal end 261 may intersect a linetangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at a straightenedflexible housing tube angle. Illustratively, a particular decompressionof actuation structure 520 may be configured to cause the straightenedoptic fiber angle and the straightened flexible housing tube angle to beequal, e.g., when wire 620 is fixed to flexible housing tube 260 at asingle fixation point. In one or more embodiments, a particulardecompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to cause thestraightened optic fiber angle to be no more than one degree less thanthe straightened flexible housing tube angle, e.g., when wire 620 isfixed to flexible housing tube 260 at a single fixation point.Illustratively, a particular decompression of actuation structure 520may be configured to cause the straightened optic fiber angle to bewithin a predetermined range of tolerance relative to the straightenedflexible housing tube angle. In one or more embodiments, a particulardecompression of actuation structure 520 may be configured to cause thestraightened optic fiber angle to be within five degrees of thestraightened flexible housing tube angle.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E illustrate a gradual curving of an opticfiber 250. FIG. 7A illustrates a straight optic fiber 700. In one ormore embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise a straight optic fiber700, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is fully refracted relative tohandle proximal end 502. Illustratively, optic fiber 250 may comprise astraight optic fiber 700, e.g., when actuation structure 520 is fullydecompressed. In one or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise astraight optic fiber 700, e.g., when actuation ring 530 is fullyrefracted relative to handle proximal end 502. Illustratively, a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250comprises a straight optic fiber 700.

FIG. 7B illustrates an optic fiber in a first curved position 710. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from a straight opticfiber 700 to an optic fiber in a first curved position 710.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, an extension offlexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may be configured toapply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube260. For example, a portion of wire 620 may be configured to resist anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, an application of a force to a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to compress a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.In one or more embodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube260 may be configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from astraight optic fiber 700 to an optic fiber in a first curved position710. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiber distal end 251 mayintersect a line tangent to flexible housing tube proximal end 262 at afirst angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in afirst curved position 710. In one or more embodiments, the first anglemay comprise any angle greater than zero degrees. For example, the firstangle may comprise a 45 degree angle.

FIG. 7C illustrates an optic fiber in a second curved position 720. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in afirst curved position 710 to an optic fiber in a second curved position720. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, an extension offlexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may be configured toapply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube260. For example, a portion of wire 620 may be configured to resist anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, an application of a force to a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to compress a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.In one or more embodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube260 may be configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from anoptic fiber in a first curved position 710 to an optic fiber in a secondcurved position 720. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiberdistal end 251 may intersect a line tangent to flexible housing tubeproximal end 262 at a second angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprisesan optic fiber in a second curved position 720. In one or moreembodiments, the second angle may comprise any angle greater than thefirst angle. For example, the second angle may comprise a 90 degreeangle.

FIG. 7D illustrates an optic fiber in a third curved position 730. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in asecond curved position 720 to an optic fiber in a third curved position730. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, an extension offlexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may be configured toapply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube260. For example, a portion of wire 620 may be configured to resist anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, an application of a force to a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to compress a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.In one or more embodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube260 may be configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from anoptic fiber in a second curved position 720 to an optic fiber in a thirdcurved position 730. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiberdistal end 251 may intersect a line tangent to flexible housing tubeproximal end 262 at a third angle, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprisesan optic fiber in a third curved position 730. In one or moreembodiments, the third angle may comprise any angle greater than thesecond angle. For example, the third angle may comprise a 135 degreeangle.

FIG. 7E illustrates an optic fiber in a fourth curved position 740. Inone or more embodiments, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to gradually curve optic fiber 250 from an optic fiber in athird curved position 730 to an optic fiber in a fourth curved position740. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to extend actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, an extension of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to extend flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, an extension offlexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may be configured toapply a force to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. In one or moreembodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in a position relative to handle base510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to a portion of flexible housing tube260. For example, a portion of wire 620 may be configured to resist anextension of flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, an application of a force to a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be configured to compress a portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 causing flexible housing tube 260 to gradually curve.In one or more embodiments, a gradual curving of flexible housing tube260 may be configured to gradually curve optic fiber 250, e.g., from anoptic fiber in a third curved position 730 to an optic fiber in a fourthcurved position 740. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiberdistal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangent to flexible housingtube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an opticfiber in a fourth curved position 740.

In one or more embodiments, one or more properties of a steerable laserprobe may be adjusted to attain one or more desired steerable laserprobe features. For example, a length that flexible housing tube distalend 261 extends from inner nosecone distal end 241 may be adjusted tovary an amount of compression of actuation structure 520 configured tocurve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curved position. In oneor more embodiments, a stiffness of flexible housing tube 260 may beadjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuation structure 520configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curvedposition. Illustratively, a material comprising flexible housing tube260 may be adjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuationstructure 520 configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to aparticular curved position. In one or more embodiments, a stiffness offlexible housing tube 260 may be adjusted to vary a bend radius offlexible housing tube 260. For example, a stiffness of flexible housingtube 260 may be adjusted to vary a radius of curvature of flexiblehousing tube 260, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is in aparticular curved position.

Illustratively, a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241 extendsfrom outer nosecone distal end 231 may be adjusted, e.g., to vary anamount of compression of actuation structure 520 configured to curveflexible housing tube 260 to a particular curved position. For example,an amount of compression of actuation structure 520 configured to curveflexible housing tube 260 to a particular curved position may bereduced, e.g., by increasing a distance that inner nosecone distal end241 extends from outer nosecone distal end 231. In one or moreembodiments, an amount of compression of actuation structure 520configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curvedposition may be increased, e.g., by decreasing a distance that innernosecone distal end 241 extends from outer nosecone distal end 231.Illustratively, a steerable laser probe may comprise a mechanismconfigured to adjust a distance that inner nosecone distal end 241extends from outer nosecone distal end 231, e.g., a surgeon or asurgeon's assistant may adjust a relative orientation of inner nosecone240 and outer nosecone 230 before a surgical procedure. For example, amechanism may be configured to expand or collapse a portion of noseconefixation mechanism 215. In one or more embodiments, an expansion of aportion of nosecone fixation mechanism 215 may be configured to increasea distance that inner nosecone distal end 241 extends from outernosecone distal end 231. Illustratively, a collapse of a portion ofnosecone fixation mechanism 215 may be configured to decrease a distancethat inner nosecone distal end 241 extends from outer nosecone distalend 231.

In one or more embodiments, a geometry of actuation structure 520 may beadjusted to vary an amount of compression of actuation structure 520configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 to a particular curvedposition. Illustratively, one or more locations within flexible housingtube 260 wherein wire 620 may be fixed to an inner portion of flexiblehousing tube 260 may be adjusted to vary an amount of compression ofactuation structure 520 configured to curve flexible housing tube 260 toa particular curved position. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 maybe fixed to flexible housing tube 260 at a plurality of fixation points,e.g., to vary one or more properties of a steerable laser probe.Illustratively, a length of wire 620 may be adjusted to vary an amountof compression of actuation structure 520 configured to curve flexiblehousing tube 260 to a particular curved position. In one or moreembodiments, at least a portion of optic fiber 250 may be enclosed in anoptic fiber sleeve configured to, e.g., protect optic fiber 250, vary astiffness of optic fiber 250, vary an optical property of optic fiber250, etc. Illustratively, a steerable laser probe may comprise one ormore redundant wires 620. In one or more embodiments, one or moreredundant wires 620 may be configured to maintain a particular curvedposition of flexible housing tube 260, e.g., in the event that wire 620breaks. Illustratively, one or more redundant wires 620 may beconfigured to maintain a particular curved position of flexible housingtube 260, e.g., in the event that a wire 620 fixation means fails. Inone or more embodiments, one or more redundant wires 620 may beconfigured to maintain a particular curved position of flexible housingtube 260, e.g., in the event that wire 620 is no longer configured tomaintain the particular curved position of flexible housing tube 620.Illustratively, one or more redundant wires 620 may be configured tomaintain a particular curved position of flexible housing tube 260wherein wire 620 is also configured to maintain the particular curvedposition of flexible housing tube 260.

Illustratively, a steerable laser probe may be configured to indicate,e.g., to a surgeon, a direction that optic fiber 250 may curve, e.g.,due to a compression of actuation structure 520. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of a steerable laser probe, e.g., handle 500, maybe marked in a manner configured to indicate a direction that opticfiber 250 may curve. For example, a portion of flexible housing tube 260may comprise a mark configured to indicate a direction that optic fiber250 may curve. Illustratively, flexible housing tube 260 may comprise aslight curve, e.g., a curve less than 7.5 degrees, when actuationstructure 520 is fully decompressed. In one or more embodiments,flexible housing tube 260 may comprise a slight curve configured toindicate a direction that optic fiber 250 may curve, e.g., due to acompression of actuation structure 520. Illustratively, a steerablelaser probe may comprise a mechanism configured to allow a surgeon or asurgeon's assistant to adjust a degree of a slight curve in flexiblehousing tube 260. For example, a steerable laser probe may comprise amechanism configured to expand or collapse nosecone fixation mechanism215.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E illustrate a gradual straightening of anoptic fiber 250. FIG. 8A illustrates a fully curved optic fiber 800. Inone or more embodiments, optic fiber 250 may comprise a fully curvedoptic fiber 800, e.g., when flexible housing tube 260 is fully extendedrelative to wire 620. For example, optic fiber 250 may comprise a fullycurved optic fiber 800 when actuation ring 530 is fully extendedrelative to handle proximal end 502. Illustratively, optic fiber 250 maycomprise a fully curved optic fiber 800, e.g., when a portion offlexible housing tube 260 is compressed. In one or more embodiments,optic fiber 250 may comprise a fully curved optic fiber 800, e.g., whenactuation structure 520 is fully compressed. Illustratively, a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangentto flexible housing tube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250comprises a fully curved optic fiber 800.

FIG. 8B illustrates an optic fiber in a first partially straightenedposition 810. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 520 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from a fully curved optic fiber 800 to an optic fiber in a firstpartially straightened position 810. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 520 may be configured to retract actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502. In one or more embodiments, aretraction of actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end 502 maybe configured to retract flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, a retraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative towire 620 may be configured to reduce a force applied to a portion offlexible housing tube 260. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may befixed in a position relative to handle base 510 and wire 620 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof wire 620 may be configured to facilitate a retraction of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, a reduction of aforce applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to decompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from a fullycurved optic fiber 800 to an optic fiber in a first partiallystraightened position 810. Illustratively, a line tangent to optic fiberdistal end 251 may intersect a line tangent to flexible housing tubeproximal end 262 at a first partially straightened angle, e.g., whenoptic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in a first partiallystraightened position 810. In one or more embodiments, the firstpartially straightened angle may comprise any angle less than 180degrees. For example, the first partially straightened angle maycomprise a 135 degree angle.

FIG. 8C illustrates an optic fiber in a second partially straightenedposition 820. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 520 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from an optic fiber in a first partially straightened position 810 to anoptic fiber in a second partially straightened position 820.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to retract actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, a retraction of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to retractflexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, aretraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may beconfigured to reduce a force applied to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to aportion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portion of wire 620may be configured to facilitate a retraction of flexible housing tube260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, a reduction of a force appliedto a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured todecompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causing flexiblehousing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one or more embodiments, agradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured togradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiber in afirst partially straightened position 810 to an optic fiber in a secondpartially straightened position 820. Illustratively, a line tangent tooptic fiber distal end 251 may intersect a line tangent to flexiblehousing tube proximal end 262 at a second partially straightened angle,e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in a secondpartially straightened position 820. In one or more embodiments, thesecond partially straightened angle may comprise any angle less than thefirst partially straightened angle. For example, the second partiallystraightened angle may comprise a 90 degree angle.

FIG. 8D illustrates an optic fiber in a third partially straightenedposition 830. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuationstructure 520 may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250from an optic fiber in a second partially straightened position 820 toan optic fiber in a third partially straightened position 830.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 520 may beconfigured to retract actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end502. In one or more embodiments, a retraction of actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502 may be configured to retractflexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, aretraction of flexible houses ing tube 260 relative to wire 620 may beconfigured to reduce a force applied to a portion of flexible housingtube 260. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may be fixed in aposition relative to handle base 510 and wire 620 may also be fixed to aportion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portion of wire 620may be configured to facilitate a retraction of flexible housing tube260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, a reduction of a force appliedto a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured todecompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causing flexiblehousing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one or more embodiments, agradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260 may be configured togradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from an optic fiber in asecond partially straightened position 820 to an optic fiber in a thirdpartially straightened position 830. Illustratively, a line tangent tooptic fiber distal end 251 may intersect a line tangent to flexiblehousing tube proximal end 262 at a third partially straightened angle,e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises an optic fiber in a third partiallystraightened position 830. In one or more embodiments, the thirdpartially straightened angle may comprise any angle less than the secondpartially straightened angle. For example, the third partiallystraightened angle may comprise a 45 degree angle.

FIG. 8E illustrates an optic fiber in a fully straightened position 840.In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 520may be configured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250 from an opticfiber in a third partially straightened position 830 to an optic fiberin a fully straightened position 840. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 520 may be configured to retract actuation ring 530relative to handle proximal end 502. In one or more embodiments, aretraction of actuation ring 530 relative to handle proximal end 502 maybe configured to retract flexible housing tube 260 relative to wire 620.Illustratively, a retraction of flexible housing tube 260 relative towire 620 may be configured to reduce a force applied to a portion offlexible housing tube 260. In one or more embodiments, wire 620 may befixed in a position relative to handle base 510 and wire 620 may also befixed to a portion of flexible housing tube 260. For example, a portionof wire 620 may be configured to facilitate a retraction of flexiblehousing tube 260 relative to wire 620. Illustratively, a reduction of aforce applied to a portion of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to decompress a portion of flexible housing tube 260 causingflexible housing tube 260 to gradually straighten. In one or moreembodiments, a gradual straightening of flexible housing tube 260 may beconfigured to gradually straighten optic fiber 250, e.g., from an opticfiber in a third partially straightened position 830 to an optic fiberin a fully straightened position 840. Illustratively, a line tangent tooptic fiber distal end 251 may be parallel to a line tangent to flexiblehousing tube proximal end 262, e.g., when optic fiber 250 comprises anoptic fiber in a fully straightened position 840.

Illustratively, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at any of aplurality of targets within an eye, e.g., to perform a photocoagulationprocedure. In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may aim optic fiberdistal end 251 at any target within a particular transverse plane of theinner eye by, e.g., rotating handle 500 to orient flexible housing tube260 in an orientation configured to cause a curvature of flexiblehousing tube 260 within the particular transverse plane of the inner eyeand varying an amount of compression of actuation structure 520.Illustratively, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at anytarget within a particular sagittal plane of the inner eye by, e.g.,rotating handle 500 to orient flexible housing tube 260 in anorientation configured to cause a curvature of flexible housing tube 260within the particular sagittal plane of the inner eye and varying anamount of compression of actuation structure 520. In one or moreembodiments, a surgeon may aim optic fiber distal end 251 at any targetwithin a particular frontal plane of the inner eye by, e.g., varying anamount of compression of actuation structure 520 to orient a linetangent to optic fiber distal end 251 wherein the line tangent to opticfiber distal end 251 is within the particular frontal plane of the innereye and rotating handle 500. Illustratively, a surgeon may aim opticfiber distal end 251 at any target located outside of the particulartransverse plane, the particular sagittal plane, and the particularfrontal plane of the inner eye, e.g., by varying a rotationalorientation of handle 500 and varying an amount of compression ofactuation structure 520. In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may aimoptic fiber distal end 251 at any target of a plurality of targetswithin an eye, e.g., without increasing a length of a portion of asteerable laser probe within the eye. Illustratively, a surgeon may aimoptic fiber distal end 251 at any target of a plurality of targetswithin an eye, e.g., without decreasing a length of a portion of asteerable laser probe within the eye.

The foregoing description has been directed to particular embodiments ofthis invention. It will be apparent; however, that other variations andmodifications may be made to the described embodiments, with theattainment of some or all of their advantages. Specifically, it shouldbe noted that the principles of the present invention may be implementedin any probe system. Furthermore, while this description has beenwritten in terms of a steerable laser probe, the teachings of thepresent invention are equally suitable to systems where thefunctionality of actuation may be employed. Therefore, it is the objectof the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications ascome within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An instrument comprising: a handle having ahandle distal end and a handle proximal end; an actuation structure ofthe handle, the actuation structure having an actuation ring; aplurality of actuation arms of the actuation structure, each actuationarm of the plurality of actuation arms having at least one extensionmechanism; an outer nosecone having an outer nosecone distal end and anouter nosecone proximal end, the outer nosecone proximal end disposedwithin the actuation ring; a piston tube having a piston tube distal endand a piston tube proximal end, the piston tube distal end disposedwithin the outer nosecone; an inner nosecone having an inner noseconedistal end and an inner nosecone proximal end, the inner noseconedisposed within the outer nosecone wherein the inner nosecone distal endextends a distance from the outer nosecone distal end; an inner bore ofthe handle; a piston tube housing of the handle, the piston tubeproximal end disposed within the piston tube housing of the handle; asingle flexible housing tube having a flexible housing tube distal endand a flexible housing tube proximal end, the flexible housing tubehaving dimensions configured for performing ophthalmic microsurgicalprocedures through a cannula; and an optic fiber disposed in the innerbore of the handle, the flexible housing tube, the piston tube, theouter nosecone, and the inner nosecone.
 2. The instrument of claim 1wherein a compression of the actuation structure is configured togradually curve the optic fiber within an eye.
 3. The instrument ofclaim 2 wherein the compression of the actuation structure is configuredto gradually curve the optic fiber at least 45 degrees within the eye.4. The instrument of claim 3 wherein the compression of the actuationstructure is configured to gradually curve the optic fiber at least 45degrees within the eye without increasing a length of the instrument inthe eye.
 5. The instrument of claim 3 wherein the compression of theactuation structure is configured to gradually curve the optic fiber atleast 45 degrees within the eye without decreasing a length of theinstrument in the eye.
 6. The instrument of claim 1 further comprising:a mark of the handle configured to indicate a direction of curvature ofthe optic fiber in response to a compression of the actuation structure.7. The instrument of claim 1 further comprising: a wire having a wiredistal end and a wire proximal end, the wire disposed within the innerbore of the handle and the flexible housing tube wherein the wireproximal end is fixed to a portion of the handle and the wire distal endis fixed within the flexible housing tube.
 8. The instrument of claim 7further comprising: a redundant wire having a redundant wire distal endand a redundant wire proximal end, the redundant wire disposed withinthe inner bore of the handle and the flexible housing tube wherein theredundant wire proximal end is fixed to the portion of the handle andthe redundant wire distal end is fixed within the flexible housing tube.9. The instrument of claim 8 wherein the redundant wire is configured tomaintain a particular curved position of the flexible housing tube whenthe wire is not configured to maintain the particular curved position ofthe flexible housing tube.
 10. An instrument comprising: a handle havinga handle distal end and a handle proximal end; an actuation structure ofthe handle, the actuation structure having an actuation ring; aplurality of actuation arms of the actuation structure, each actuationarm of the plurality of actuation arms having at least one extensionmechanism; an outer nosecone having an outer nosecone distal end and anouter nosecone proximal end, the outer nosecone proximal end disposedwithin the actuation ring; an inner nosecone having an inner noseconedistal end and an inner nosecone proximal end, the inner noseconedisposed within the outer nosecone wherein the inner nosecone distal endextends a distance from the outer nosecone distal end; a noseconefixation mechanism configured to adjust the distance that the innernosecone distal end extends from the outer nosecone distal end; an innerbore of the handle; a single flexible housing tube having a flexiblehousing tube distal end and a flexible housing tube proximal end, theflexible housing tube having dimensions configured for performingophthalmic microsurgical procedures through a cannula; an optic fiberdisposed in the inner bore of the handle, the flexible housing tube, andthe nosecone; a wire having a wire distal end and a wire proximal end,the wire disposed within the inner bore of the handle and the flexiblehousing tube wherein the wire proximal end is fixed to a portion of thehandle and the wire distal end is fixed within the flexible housingtube; and a redundant wire having a redundant wire distal end and aredundant wire proximal end, the redundant wire disposed within theinner bore of the handle and the flexible housing tube wherein theredundant wire proximal end is fixed to the portion of the handle andthe redundant wire distal end is fixed within the flexible housing tubeand wherein the redundant wire is configured to maintain a particularcurved position of the flexible housing tube when the wire is notconfigured to maintain the particular curved position of the flexiblehousing tube.
 11. The instrument of claim 10 wherein a compression ofthe actuation structure is configured to gradually curve the optic fiberwithin an eye.
 12. The instrument of claim 11 wherein the compression ofthe actuation structure is configured to gradually curve the optic fiberat least 45 degrees within the eye.
 13. The instrument of claim 12wherein the compression of the actuation structure is configured togradually curve the optic fiber at least 45 degrees within the eyewithout increasing a length of the instrument in the eye.
 14. Theinstrument of claim 12 wherein the compression of the actuationstructure is configured to gradually curve the optic fiber at least 45degrees within the eye without decreasing a length of the instrument inthe eye.
 15. The instrument of claim 10 further comprising: a mark ofthe handle configured to indicate a direction of curvature of the opticfiber in response to a compression of the actuation structure.
 16. Theinstrument of claim 10 wherein a decompression of the actuationstructure is configured to gradually straighten the optic fiber withinan eye.
 17. The instrument of claim 16 wherein the decompression of theactuation structure is configured to gradually straighten the opticfiber within the eye without increasing a length of the instrument inthe eye.
 18. The instrument of claim 17 wherein the decompression of theactuation structure is configured to gradually straighten the opticfiber within the eye without decreasing a length of the instrument inthe eye.
 19. The instrument of claim 10 wherein the optic fibercomprises a majority of an area inside of the flexible housing tube. 20.The instrument of claim 10 wherein the optic fiber and the wirecomprises a majority of an area inside of the flexible housing tube.